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The Reserve is home to a great number of species of both flora and fauna related to its unique geographical condition where white-water flooded forests, black-water flooded forests and terra firme forests come together. Hunting pressure has historically been extremely low in the area. Indicator species for hunting pressure, such as razor-billed curassow (Mitu mitu), white-winged trumpeter birds (Psophia leucoptera), wooly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha cana), spider monkeys (Ateles chamek), capuchin monkeys (Cebes apella and Cebus albifrons), Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) and white-lipped peccarie (Tayassu pecari) are abundant and do not show any fear for human beings whereas they have practically been hunted out of most the Amazon lowland basin. Both tamarin monkeys (Saguinus mystax and Saguinus fuscicollis) that inhabit the area, belong to newly described races/subspecies. The poorly known primate genus Pithecia is represented, in unexpected high densities, by probably the rarest species in the whole Amazon, the buffy saki (Pithecia albicans). Both species of Amazon river dolphins also inhabit the lake area.

Due to the influence of the adjacent white-water inundated forests, the area may count 14 or 15 sympatric primate species, the world's highest primate diversity known.

The Brazil Nut tree (Berthollethia excelsa - Lecythidaceae) occurs in high densities. A preliminary survey of the population found a normal juvenile recuitment, which means that the area is not overharvested during the last 100 years leaving enough seeds to be naturally dispersed by agoutis and acouchis. The area contains a viable population of 'pau rosa' (Aniba rosaeodora - Lauraceae), which in other areas has been exploited by the perfume industry, causing the tree to go practically extinct elsewhere in the Amazon.

Local organizations are purchasing and managing the reserve to benefit local people and wildlife, with the support of the World Land Trust.

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